资料图:黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区,白鹭成群嬉戏。 孙劲松 摄
这个概念同样寓于中方此前提出的全球发展倡议之中。站在这样的高度谋划发展,持续推进的“美丽中国”建设正为构筑“美丽世界”展示更多可能。
这种丰富可能,体现在观念上的更新。
先污染后治理,曾是西方发达国家工业化进程的必经之路,许多国家生态环境因此急剧恶化。中国也一度走上这条路。改革开放以来短短几十年里,中国走完了发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程,却也因严重的空气污染等环境问题困扰过。
于是,中国的决策层不得不替未来算两笔账:一笔账是,按照传统工业文明道路继续走下去,还要付出多少经济、社会、政治、健康的代价;另一笔账是,重塑绿色发展和生活方式,转型的成本、风险、收益几何。
这十年,从生态文明建设被视作“关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计”,到“绿水青山就是金山银山”成为全民共识,发展观层面的“升级”背后,中国显然把这两笔账算清楚了。
“历史上资本主义国家的工业化道路不可持续,中国不能重走这条路。”能源基金会首席执行官兼中国区总裁邹骥接受中新社记者采访时表示,二十大报告将“人与自然和谐共生”确立为中国式现代化的基本特点之一,与新发展理念中的“绿色”相得益彰,体现了中国的社会理想,也是人类文明发展进程中一种更代表全人类利益的发展方向。
这种丰富可能,也体现在行动上的有为。
2020年9月,中国提出二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。这是一条前人没走过的路,中国将完成全球最高碳排放强度降幅,用全球历史上最短的时间实现从碳达峰到碳中和。
诚然,在新冠肺炎疫情给全球发展蒙上阴影,推进联合国2030年可持续发展议程面临更大挑战的背景下,打赢这场硬仗需要作出艰苦卓绝努力。但二十大报告重申“积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和”“深入推进能源革命”“积极参与应对气候变化全球治理”等表述,并作出一系列细致部署,正是当今世界最需要的“行动派”姿态。
资料图:西藏措美县哲古风电项目。贡嘎来松 摄“双碳”这场经济社会系统性变革,为中国提供了一个中长期愿景、综合性目标和系统实施平台,成为加快生态文明建设的系统性抓手;也向其他国家发出了明确信号,为全球应对气候变化和绿色复苏注入新鲜活力。
中国社会科学院生态文明研究所副所长庄贵阳指出,在后疫情时代,通过全方位低碳转型实现“绿色经济复苏”将越来越成为广泛共识。中国明确碳达峰碳中和目标愿景,为全球应对气候变化共同行动贡献了关键力量。
从观念到行动,中国的知行合一,则为一同探索构建人与自然生命共同体的更多国家提供了参照和启迪。
绿色低碳转型之于成熟发达国家,是相对单纯的议题,但发展中国家需要更周全的考量。如中国作为全球最大的发展中国家,经济仍有相当增长潜力。民众对美好生活的向往,更要求中国在减碳的同时,继续实现经济量的合理增长。
“我们最关注的就是中国如何实现公平的绿色转型,如何将生态文明和经济社会发展协调起来。”世界资源研究所总裁兼首席执行官阿尼鲁达·达斯古普塔认为,中国的做法和经验将给全球带来巨大借鉴意义。
“统筹产业结构调整、污染治理、生态保护、应对气候变化”“协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长”……二十大报告中具有一体性、综合性的部署,意味着中国不会接受其中任何一项任务偏废。“单打一”“运动式”的减碳将被纠偏,中国冀望通过产业结构调整、能源转型等,推动发展方式的实质性转变,进而实现经济发展与生态保护协调统一。
“生态环境问题源于发展,也必须在发展中解决。”邹骥举例说,产业结构调整实际上正是将“人与自然和谐共生”理念与发展紧密结合,并找到二者最大协同点。他相信,生态环境保护会创造出新需求,进而成为支撑中国经济发展的新动能。
更多这样的新动能正加速释放,不断丰富着未来的可能性。人们期待,当“美丽中国”愈加可触可感,“美丽世界”也不会止步于梦想。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。 资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。 因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。 日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。 Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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